India's agricultural sector has undergone a structural transformation since 2014-15, with food grain production reaching 331.96 million tonnes in 2023-24 and agricultural exports touching ₹2.37 lakh crore in 2022-23. The government has expanded MSP coverage, launched PM-KISAN providing ₹6,000 annually to farmers, created 10,000 FPOs, and pushed natural farming adoption. Allied sectors — fisheries, animal husbandry, and horticulture — now contribute significantly to agricultural GDP and rural employment.

This PIB factsheet consolidates the key metrics and flagship schemes transforming Indian agriculture across three pillars: crop production, farmer income support, and allied sectors.

**Crop Production & MSP:** Food grain output has grown from about 252 MT in 2014-15 to 331.96 MT in 2023-24 — a 32% jump in a decade. The government has consistently raised MSP above the cost of production, now guaranteeing at least 50% returns over input costs (C2+50% formula for most crops).

**Farmer Income & Direct Benefit:** PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi), launched in 2019, transfers ₹6,000/year in three equal instalments directly into farmer accounts. Over ₹3.04 lakh crore has been disbursed to more than 11 crore farmer families. PM Fasal Bima Yojana provides crop insurance; the Kisan Credit Card scheme delivers low-interest credit.

**FPOs and Collectivisation:** The government has committed to forming 10,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) to improve market access and bargaining power for small and marginal farmers.

**Allied Sectors:** India is now the world's largest milk producer (over 230 MT annually) and second-largest fish producer. The Blue Revolution and PM Matsya Sampada Yojana (₹20,050 crore outlay) target doubling fisheries exports. Horticulture output now rivals food grains at over 352 MT.

**Organic & Natural Farming:** The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and National Mission on Natural Farming drive chemical-free cultivation to reduce input costs and improve soil health.