India's Ministry of Agriculture promotes Resilient Production Systems combining Zero Budget Natural Farming, integrated farming, and crop diversification to reduce input costs and climate vulnerability. Key components include ZBNF, agro-forestry, integrated pest management, and mixed cropping. These systems aim to improve soil health, cut dependence on chemical inputs, and stabilise farm income. The approach targets small and marginal farmers, aligning with broader goals of doubling farmer incomes and sustainable food security under national agricultural policy frameworks.

Resilient Production Systems (RPS) in Indian agriculture refers to a suite of farming practices designed to withstand climate shocks while reducing input dependency. The core of this framework is Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), pioneered by Subhash Palekar, which relies on four inputs derived from a single cow: Jeevamrit (fermented microbial culture), Bijamrit (seed treatment), Acchadana (mulching), and Whapasa (soil aeration). ZBNF eliminates purchased chemical fertilisers and pesticides, dramatically cutting production costs — hence 'zero budget.'

Beyond ZBNF, resilient systems encompass Integrated Farming Systems (IFS), which combine crop production with allied activities like animal husbandry, fisheries, and horticulture on the same landholding to diversify income streams. Agro-forestry integrates trees with crops to improve microclimates and provide additional income. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses biological controls, resistant varieties, and targeted chemical use as a last resort.

Crop diversification — shifting from monocultures toward multiple crops including millets, pulses, and oilseeds — is central to both resilience and nutritional security goals. Millets, designated as 'Shree Anna,' are specifically promoted for their climate resilience and low water requirement.

These systems connect directly to several flagship schemes: Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) for organic farming clusters, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for water efficiency, and the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The policy rationale is to secure food production against increasingly erratic monsoons while making farming economically viable for the 86% of Indian farmers who are small or marginal.