India's judiciary has undergone significant digital transformation under the eCourts Mission Mode Project, spanning three phases. Phase III, launched with Rs 7,210 crore outlay, targets AI-driven case management, paperless courts, and e-filing across all tiers. Over 24,000 court complexes are being networked. Virtual hearings, introduced during COVID-19, are now institutionalised. The Supreme Court's Digital Supreme Court Reports and e-SCR platform make judgments freely accessible. These reforms directly intersect with PIL maintainability standards and access-to-justice jurisprudence examined in CLAT PG.

The eCourts Mission Mode Project is a centrally sponsored scheme executed in phases under the National e-Governance Plan. Phase I (2011–2015) computerised district and subordinate courts. Phase II (2015–2023) introduced case management software (NJDG), litigant-facing portals, and video conferencing. Phase III (approved 2023, Rs 7,210 crore) introduces AI-assisted scheduling, digital evidence management, paperless proceedings, and interoperability between courts, police, and prisons.

For CLAT PG, the critical legal intersection is with PIL jurisprudence. The Supreme Court has held that access to justice is a fundamental right under Article 21. Digital infrastructure that removes geographic and economic barriers to filing and tracking cases directly strengthens PIL maintainability — particularly the locus standi test. When a disadvantaged litigant cannot physically appear, virtual hearings become a reasonable accommodation question under disability rights law and a gender-access question for women litigants in remote areas.

The National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) is constitutionally significant: it enables real-time monitoring of case pendency, which courts have used to issue suo motu PILs. The e-SCR (electronic Supreme Court Reports) platform, giving free access to judgments, operationalises the right to know as a facet of Article 19(1)(a).

For UPSC CSE, the static anchor is e-governance architecture: MMP classification, funding pattern (60:40 centre-state, 90:10 for NE states), and the role of the Department of Justice under the Ministry of Law and Justice as nodal ministry.