The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023, known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, has come into force, reserving one-third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and the Delhi Legislative Assembly. Passed by Parliament in September 2023, the law also reserves one-third of SC and ST quota seats for women. However, the reservation will become operational only after the next delimitation exercise and a fresh census, making immediate implementation unlikely.

The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam inserts Articles 330A and 332A into the Constitution, which provide for reservation of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and state assemblies respectively. Article 334A sets a 15-year sunset clause — the reservation lapses 15 years after it first takes effect. Crucially, Section 5 of the Act conditions actual implementation on two sequential prerequisites: completion of the census and then delimitation of constituencies. This deferred-trigger mechanism is the most legally significant feature and the one most likely to be tested.

The amendment also applies to the Delhi Legislative Assembly under Article 239AA, making it a special case among Union Territories. Within the reserved seats, one-third must be rotated and further sub-reserved for women belonging to SC and ST communities, which means the effective reservation is layered — general women's reservation sits over existing SC/ST reservation.

The rotation of reserved constituencies across general elections means no single constituency is permanently reserved, a design intended to avoid permanent constituency capture. This is the same rotational logic used in local body reservations under Articles 243D and 243T.

For CLAT PG, the operative legal question is the constitutional mechanism: what articles were inserted, what is the trigger condition, and how the sunset clause interacts with the deferred commencement. For UPSC, the static facts — amendment number, year, percentage, applicable bodies, and exclusion of Rajya Sabha and state legislative councils — are the primary targets.